Does moisturizer go on before or after sunscreen?
Moisturizer first, sunscreen last. Sunscreen has to sit on the outside as an unbroken film, and anything spread over it afterwards can pull that film into an uneven layer. The AAD notes it takes about 15 minutes for skin to absorb sunscreen and be protected, so the practical version of the rule is that sunscreen finishes your skincare and then you wait before going out, rather than applying it at the door.
How long should I wait between skincare steps?
For most steps, there is no sourced wait at all, and the planner does not invent one. The exception it does carry is the wait a retinoid label asks for. The tretinoin cream prescribing information instructs the user to wait 20 to 30 minutes after washing so that the skin is completely dry, because applying it to damp skin can increase irritation. Beyond that, letting a layer settle for a minute before the next one is ordinary practice rather than a tested interval, and the planner labels it that way.
Where does a tallow balm or an ointment go in the order?
Last of the things you put on the skin itself, after any lotion, cream, or oil. An occlusive works by sitting on the surface and slowing water loss, so anything applied over it has to get through it first. In the morning, sunscreen is the one exception that goes on top, because it also has to be the outermost layer to work.
Does the order change if I use a retinoid?
Yes, and it is the one place where two pieces of standard advice genuinely collide. The usual guidance is to moisturize while the skin is still damp from washing. The tretinoin label asks for completely dry skin and a 20 to 30 minute wait. The planner resolves it by putting the dry-down before the retinoid and the moisturizer after it, and it says plainly that the damp-skin advantage is what you are trading away on those nights.
Is it a problem to use benzoyl peroxide and a retinoid together?
It depends on the formulation, which is why the planner flags it rather than ruling on it. Martin 1998 found that tretinoin combined with benzoyl peroxide and light degraded by more than 50% in about 2 hours and by 95% at 24 hours, while adapalene stayed stable. A later study of an optimized tretinoin gel at 0.05% found no such degradation. The common way around the uncertainty is to use the two at different times of day.
Does layering a balm over an active change anything?
It can. Zhai and Maibach describe occlusion as changing stratum corneum hydration and barrier permeability, and report that it often, though not always, increases how much of an applied chemical is absorbed. That is not a warning about any particular product, it is a reason to treat a balm over an active as a different routine from the active alone, and to consider applying the balm only where the dryness actually is.
Can this planner tell me whether my routine is any good?
No. It orders what you tick and explains each position. It gives no product rating, no safety score, no suitability verdict, and no diagnosis, and it cannot know how your skin will respond to anything. Where a product label gives its own directions, follow the label.